question

What modulates our Sun? The majority of science work on the principle that the Sun is self modulating and each solar cycle is a product of a random number generator. There are others that suspect the Sun is modulated by the planets with a special emphasis on Jupiter. Thanks to Carl Smith who has recently left us we have new knowledge that significantly adds to Jose's and Landscheidt's work.

Geoff Sharp

Expanded Current vs Maunder AM Comparison

Geoff Sharp has made me aware of the importance of the third AM disturbance at 1686, during the Maunder Minimum.  A comparable disturbance is not seen in 2044.  I have expanded the overlay comparison plot to show the difference (see attachment).  As can be seen, Geoff's point that this constitutes evidence that the current Minimum may be shorter than the Maunder Minimum is well taken.

October 17 Update (attached):  I noticed that Carl had not plotted AM enough before the start of the Maunder Minimum to show a first disturbance, such as was seen preceding the Dalton Minimum and the Current Minimum.  I did a further expansion of my overlay plot, backwards this time to 1590 and 1948 (open attachment to see this).  To my surprise, there was no AM disturbance preceding the Maunder Minimum comparable to the ones preceding the Dalton and Current Minima!  The implication of this startling finding is that the mighty Maunder Minimum apparently did not need a comparably strong preceding disturbance.  The question now is whether or not the Current Minimum will be sustained as long as the Maunder without a comparably strong third disturbance, otherwise known as a "retrograde bump." 

 

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Current vs Maunder AM.JPG91.29 KB

Comments

Spotless again and converging to exact Maunder AM signature

The solar orbital angular momentum, along with its coupled spin component, is now converging rapidly to the SOAM curve of the Maunder Minimum, which it will replicate exactly from mid-2010 to 2012.

Gerry

In the zone.

Yes we are right in the area of maximum disturbance that should peak in Feb 2010, Climategate is getting the news (rightly so) but there might be bigger news looming. December so far not looking to imply a ramp up of activity.

Landscheidt Minimum

Thanks Gerry, the retrograde bump is certainly missing this time around, but your graph clearly shows the top of the AM peak at 2040 is still affected which will dampen solar activity, but perhaps not at the grand minimum scale.

I inserted the graph into the comment so readers could view easily, there is a "tree symbol" icon on the text editor which allows this. Once your picture is uploaded you can open it to retreive the picture address.

What we expect to learn during the current Deep Minimum

Referring to my recently updated Expanded Current vs Maunder overlay plot attachment, I'd like to summarize how I think it might help us understand the current Minimum as it unfolds in the near future, and perhaps through as much as the next 50 years.  Assuming that the current and past barycentric angular momentum signatures of the Sun are, as we believe to be the case, closely correlated with observed sunspot activity, we need to understand which characteristics of the signature are most likely to control solar activity

Two obviously important parameters controlling this sensitivity are phase and amplitude of the AM signature.  The Expanded Current vs Maunder overlay plot attachment indicates a very precise in-phase relationship between the current and Maunder AM signatures, especially between 1975 and 2044 compared with 1517 to 1586.  Perhaps even more importantly, the start times of "spotlessness" of the two Minima are also in phase.  However, it is seen that there is a difference in AM amplitude of -2x10^39 kg-m^2/s at these times (2008 compared with 1650).  This is 4.3% of the total AM amplitude range of 4.6x10^40 kg-m^2/s in the plot.   In 2011, even this small  amplitude difference vanishes, and the red and blue curves  fully converge in both phase and amplitude.  The times-from-start of spotlessness remain in phase for the remainder of the plot, but in 2012 the AM amplitude will start to diverge again, reaching about 3.1x10^39 kg-m^2/s in at AM min in 2014, then converging again in 2017.

If the current Minimum remains essentially spotless until then, the next potential disruptive trigger will be the divergence in amplitude that will occur in at AM peak in 2021, attaining a maximum  of -2x10^39 kg-m^2/s AM amplitude difference.  The two curves once again converge to perfect synch in 2025.  Next, it is seen that at the AM minimm in 2030 there is a difference of only 1x10^39 kg-m^2/s.  At the next peak, in 2038, the difference is slightly greater than 1x10^39 kg-m^2/s.  After that the AM curves are about a year out of phase until 2044, at which time they cross.  2044 corresponds to 1586 in the comparison.  Jupiter and Neptune were in conjunction in 1587 and Jupiter will be in opposition  with Uranus in 2045!

In 2045 the AM curves differ by 2x10^39 kg-m^2/s in amplitude and, perhaps more crucially, by -2 years in phase.  If the current Minimum remains spotless until 2044, this is probably the time that solar activity is likely to suddenly ramp up.  If this does happen, the current Minimum will have 14 less spotless years than did the Maunder Minimum, which remained spotless until 1700.  Still, a 36 year period of spotlessness will definitely seem like a very long time, if that is the scenario in store.     

Gerry

AM measure

Your analysis of the difference in AM over the 2 periods is very interesting, this is the way of the future for solar predictions I believe as we learn to quantify the change in AM. If we can find a method to measure the height and protrusion of the retrograde bump we will have a better method of quantifying future Angular Momentum Disturbance Strength. I think a method of comparing the N/U angle at J/S opposition may also come in handy.

Gerry, did you mean 1686 instead of 1586?

Yes, 1686.

Thanks for catching that Geoff.  It was actually a Jupiter-Uranus opposition in 1686 as well as in 2045.  I had accidentally done the lookup for 1587, and found the irrelevant Jupiter-Neptune conjunction then.

Gerry

Many thanks go to Carl's brother Dave for providing the Domain, Server and Software.